Target: 10 questions in 10 minutes

Q1-3. The image shows a human karyogram.

Human_male_karyotpe
1. A karyogram shows homologous chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes are:
  • A. Two chromosomes with differing sets of genes, in the same sequence, with the same alleles
  • B. Two chromosomes with the same set of genes, in a different sequence, with the same alleles
  • C. Two chromosomes with a different set of genes, in the same sequence, with different alleles
  • D. Two chromosomes with the same set of genes, in the same sequence, sometimes with different alleles
2. When pairing up chromosomes to make a karyogram which feature(s) is/are used?
  • A. Size of chromosome only
  • B. Size of chromosome and position of the centromere
  • C. Size of the chromosome, position of the centromere and the banding
  • D. Size of chromosome and banding
3. This karyogram comes from which individual?
  • A. Male with Down Syndrome
  • B. Female with Down Syndrome
  • C. Male without Down Syndrome
  • D. Female without Down Syndrome
4. According to the Linnaean classification system, what is the defining characteristic of a species?
  • A. Organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
  • B. Organisms that share a similar physical appearance and morphology
  • C. Organisms that occupy the same geographic region
  • D. Organisms that have the same genetic code
5. What is the key characteristic of the biological species concept?
  • A. Geographical isolation
  • B. Genetic similarity
  • C. Ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
  • D. Shared ecological niche

6&7: The image below shows skulls of extinct hominids.

Comparison_of_skull_features_of_Homo_naledi_and_other_early_human_species

 Chris Stringer, Natural History Museum, UK
CC-BY-SA 4.0
6. Which statement applies to the images above?
  • A. Specimens belong to the same species
  • B. Specimens are from the same genus but different species
  • C. Specimens are from the same genus and species, but different sub-species
  • D. Specimens belong to the same species but different genera

7. What factors contribute to the variation observed among humans?

I. Mutations
II. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
III. Environmental factors
  • A. I only
  • B. I and II only
  • C. II and III only
  • D. I, II, and III

8. The image shows an electron microscope image of part of a lung cell.

electron microscope image of part of a lung cell
Where would you find the genome of this cell?
  • A. I only
  • B. I and II only
  • C. II and III only
  • D. I, II, and III

9. The graph below shows the genome size of different organisms.

electron microscope image of part of a lung cell

 Abizar at English Wikipedia
CC-BY-SA 3.0
Which statement is true of the graph?
  • A. The x-axis shows the number of genes in the genome
  • B. There is a correlation between complexity of the organism and genome size
  • C. There is a significant difference in genome size between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
  • D. The x-axis shows the number of base pairs in the genome
10. There is a hypothesis that an ancestral fusion event between two chromosomes led to the formation of chromosome 2 in humans. Which of the following does not apply?
  • A. Similarities in the banding patterns between chimpanzee chromosomes 2A and 2B and human chromosome 2 support this hypothesis.
  • B. Finding remnants of two centromeres on chromosome 2 supports this hypothesis.
  • C. All other known members of the Hominidae family having 24 pairs of chromosomes supports this hypothesis.
  • D. Direct observation of the fusion event is required to validate this hypothesis.