Question 1:

The correct answer is B. Mature red blood cell.

The diagram shows a cell with a prominent nucleus (labeled 9) and mitochondria (labeled 6). Mature red blood cells in mammals are unique because they lack both a nucleus and mitochondria to make more space for hemoglobin, which allows for maximum oxygen transport. Therefore, the cell in the diagram cannot be a mature red blood cell.

*These A.I. responses may be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 2:

The correct answer is B. 5 and 2.

Protein synthesis (translation) is the process where amino acids are assembled into proteins. This process occurs at ribosomes. The diagram shows:

Free ribosomes (labeled 5) which are responsible for synthesizing proteins that will function within the cytoplasm.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) (labeled 2) which is a network of membranes studded with ribosomes that synthesize proteins destined for secretion or for insertion into membranes.
Since both are primary sites of protein synthesis, they are the best fit for this question.

*These A.I. responses may be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 3:

The following structures are double membrane bound:
There is an error in the provided options for this question. In a typical animal cell, the only organelles with a double membrane are the nucleus (labeled 9) and the mitochondrion (labeled 6). Neither of the options lists this correct pairing.

For clarity, here is a breakdown of the membrane structure of the labeled organelles:

2: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - Single membrane.

6: Mitochondrion - Double membrane.

8: Cytoplasm - Not an organelle, does not have a membrane.

9: Nucleus - Double membrane (nuclear envelope).

13: Golgi apparatus - Single membrane.

* The answer is C:2 and 6. The A.I. bot is struggling to interpret the diagram provided. The nucleus is #2 not #9.
The Silverback

*These A.I. responses may be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 4:

To determine which option correctly describes animal, fungi, and plant cells, let's review the key characteristics of each:

**Animal Cells:**
- No plastids (e.g., chloroplasts).
- No cell wall.
- Centrioles present (involved in cell division).
- Small vacuoles (if present).

**Fungi Cells:**
- No plastids.
- Cell wall made of **chitin** (not cellulose).
- Centrioles are generally **absent** (fungi use spindle pole bodies instead of centrioles for mitosis).
- Vacuoles present.

**Plant Cells:**
- Plastids present (e.g., chloroplasts for photosynthesis).
- Cell wall made of **cellulose**.
- Large central vacuole.
- Centrioles **absent** (plants use other structures for spindle formation during cell division).

Now, evaluate each option:

**Option A:**
- Animals: "Plastids present" ❌ (Animals do not have plastids.)
- Fungi: "Cellulose cell walls" ❌ (Fungi have chitin cell walls, not cellulose.)
- Plants: "Large vacuoles" ✅
This is incorrect.

**Option B:**
- Animals: "Plastids absent" ✅
- Fungi: "Centrioles sometimes present in gametes" ❌ (Fungi do not have centrioles at all; they use spindle pole bodies.)
- Plants: "Cellulose cell walls" ✅
This is incorrect due to the fungi description.

**Option C:**
- Animals: "Plastids present" ❌ (Animals do not have plastids.)
- Fungi: "Centrioles absent" ✅ (Fungi lack centrioles.)
- Plants: "Chitin cell walls" ❌ (Plants have cellulose cell walls, not chitin.)
This is incorrect.

**Option D:**
- Animals: "Plastids absent" ✅
- Fungi: "Cell wall absent" ❌ (Fungi have cell walls made of chitin.)
- Plants: "Centrioles sometimes present in gametes" ❌ (Plants do not have centrioles.)
This is incorrect.

None of the options are entirely correct based on the above. However, let's re-examine **Option B** more closely, as it is the closest:

- Animals: "Plastids absent" ✅
- Fungi: "Centrioles sometimes present in gametes" – This is actually **false**. Fungi never have centrioles; they use spindle pole bodies even in gametes.
- Plants: "Cellulose cell walls" ✅

But wait: are there any exceptions? Some lower fungi (e.g., chytrids) are known to have centrioles? Actually, most fungi do not have centrioles, but **chytrids** (a group of fungi) do have centrioles in their gametes. So, for fungi, centrioles are sometimes present in gametes (in chytrids), but not in most higher fungi.

However, this is a nuanced point. Typically, in biology textbooks, fungi are said to lack centrioles.

But let's check the other parts of Option B:
- Animals: Plastids absent ✅
- Fungi: Centrioles sometimes present in gametes (true for chytrids, but not generally) – could be considered partially correct.
- Plants: Cellulose cell walls ✅

Now, compare to other options: all others have clear errors.

Moreover, for plants: centrioles are absent, but option B says "cellulose cell walls" which is correct.

So, Option B might be the best, given the exception for fungi.

But option D has:
- Animals: Plastids absent ✅
- Fungi: Cell wall absent ❌ (fungi have cell walls)
- Plants: Centrioles sometimes present in gametes ❌ (plants never have centrioles)

So, only Option B has two correct and one partially correct.

Therefore, **Option B** is the intended answer.

*These A.I. responses may be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 5:

Based on the provided options and the characteristics of the image, the correct answer is D. Electron microscopy and Freeze fracturing.

The high-resolution, three-dimensional view of the internal cellular structures is a key indicator of electron microscopy. Unlike light microscopy, electron microscopy uses a beam of electrons to achieve much higher magnification and resolution, allowing for the visualization of organelles and other fine details within the cell.

The specific "fractured" or broken appearance, which reveals the inside of the cell and its membranes, is a result of a sample preparation technique called freeze fracturing. In this process, the sample is frozen very quickly and then broken apart. The fracture plane often travels along the weakest points, which are typically the hydrophobic interior of cell membranes, exposing a 3D view of the membrane's internal surface. The resulting image is a replica of this fractured surface, viewed with an electron microscope. The image's color is added digitally to highlight different structures.

*These A.I. responses may be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 6:

To determine the incorrect statement, let's evaluate each option in the context of using an electron microscope:

A. dead: This is correct. Electron microscopy requires the specimen to be dead because the high vacuum and intense electron beam would kill living cells and cause damage.

B. mounted in water: This is incorrect. For electron microscopy, specimens cannot be mounted in water because the vacuum chamber would cause water to evaporate, disrupting the specimen and the vacuum. Instead, specimens are dehydrated and often embedded in a resin.

C. placed in a vacuum: This is correct. Electron microscopes require a vacuum to prevent electrons from scattering due to air molecules.

D. embedded in a hard resin: This is correct. For transmission electron microscopy (TEM), specimens are typically dehydrated, stained, and embedded in a hard resin (like epoxy) to be thinly sliced.

Thus, the incorrect statement is B. mounted in water.

*These A.I. responses may be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 7:

The genetic material in a bacterium is typically located in the nucleoid, which is labeled as Z in the diagram. A plasmid, labeled as X, also contains genetic material. Given the options (H, N, W, L), none of them correctly point to the genetic material. Therefore, there appears to be an error in this question's options.

*The A.I. bot is struggling to interpret the diagram provided. The nucleoid is labelled N.
The Silverback

*These A.I. responses may be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 8:

The structure that helps a bacterium evade the immune system is the capsule (labeled W* ). This slimy outer layer is a protective barrier that makes it difficult for immune cells, like phagocytes, to engulf and destroy the bacterium.

* No its not! It is labelled X! Correct explanation though....
The Silverback

*These A.I. responses may be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 9:

The correct answer is A. 20,000. The magnification of an image is calculated by dividing the image size by the actual size, ensuring both measurements are in the same units.

Image Size: 50 mm

Actual Size: 2.5 µm

Convert the image size to micrometers (µm) for consistency:
50 mm× (1000 µm per 1mm)
=50000 µm

Now, calculate the magnification:
Magnification = Image Size / Actual Size

​
= 50000 µm / 2.5 µm
=20000

*These A.I. responses may be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 10:

The separation of the nucleus and cytoplasm into different compartments is a key feature of eukaryotic cells. This compartmentalization provides several advantages, particularly in gene expression.

I. The separation allows for post-transcriptional modification of mRNA before it meets ribosomes in the cytoplasm in eukaryotes. This is a major advantage. In eukaryotes, the initial RNA transcript (pre-mRNA) must be processed within the nucleus. This includes splicing (removing non-coding introns), capping, and adding a poly-A tail. This processing is crucial for making the mRNA stable and ready for translation. The physical separation from the cytoplasm ensures this processing is completed before the mRNA reaches the ribosomes.

II. The separation allows for immediate binding of mRNA to ribosomes in prokaryotes. This statement is incorrect. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus; their DNA and ribosomes are in the same compartment (the cytoplasm). This lack of separation is precisely why mRNA can bind to ribosomes and begin translation immediately, even before transcription is complete. The statement describes a consequence of the lack of separation, not an advantage of it.

III. The separation allows for post-translational modification of polypeptide in eukaryotes. This statement is incorrect. Post-translational modification of polypeptides (proteins) occurs after translation is complete. This process happens in the cytoplasm, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus—not in the nucleus. The separation of the nucleus from the cytoplasm is not a prerequisite for this process.

The correct answer is A. I only.

*These A.I. responses may be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.